Bab 7(2) JLPT N4
Daisukina piano (2)
I love the piano (2) Dekiru koto
• Shumi ya narai koto ni tsuite, jibun ga kangaete iru kongo no kibou ya keikaku ga ieru.
Talk about your future hopes or plans about your hobbies or studies.
Suzuki : Saikin wa piano no tanoshi sa mo sukoshi wakaru youni narimashita. Kondo chichi no sukina shopan ni kyoku o renshuu shiyou to o omotte imasu.
Yamada : Sugoi desu ne.
Suzuki : Mousugu chichi no tanjoubi nanode, chichi no tameni hiku tsumori desu.
Yamada : Ii desu ne. Kitto otousan, yorokobu masu ne.
Watashi mo shorai, jibun no kodomo ni nara wase tau naa.
62 piano no tanoshisa
Dou tsukau ?
"~sa" wa, keiyoushi o meishi ni suru toki ni tsukau.
Use "~sa" to turn an adjective into noun.
i A i + sa
na A
1. Ano yama wa takasa ga nisen me-toru arimasu.
2. Jibun de hatarakeba, okane no taisetsusa ga wakarimasu yo.
Yattemiyou !
Rei :
Satou : Suzukisan no heya no (hirosa) wa dore kurai desu ka.
Suzuki : Sou desu ne. Sanjuu heihou me-toru kurai desu.
1.
Suzuki : Satousan no heya wa, eki kara chikai desu ga, semai desu ne.
Satou : Watashi wa heya no hirosa yori mo (benrisa) no houga taisetsu da to omoun desu.
2. Kotoshi no fuyu wa (samusa) ga kibishii sou desu.
3. Chotto kono nimotsu no (omosa) o hakattw kudasai.
4. Ryuugakushita toki, kurasu no tomodachi no ( yasashisa) ga totemo ureshikatta.
63 renshuu shiyou
Dou tsukau ?
"~you" wa, "~mashou" no futsuukei. Aite o sasou toku, aite no tameni nanika o moushideru toki, jibun no ishi o iutoki ni tsukau.
"~you" is the plain form of "~mashou". Use it when you invite the listener, make a suggestion to the listener, or state your own intent.
Jishokei idoukei volitional form
V-ru V-you
I guru-pu kaku kakou
hanasu hanasou
yomu yomou
II guru-pu taberu tabeyou
miru miyou
okiru okiyou
III guru-pu suru shiyou
kuru koyou
1.
A : Natsuyasumi ni ryokou ni ikoyou.
B : Un, doko ga ii ?
2.
A : Kono eiga, omoshiro sou da ne.
B : Un. Doyoubi ni mini ikouka.
3.
A : Kono okashi, ageyou ka.
B : Un. Arigatou.
Yattemiyou !
Rei :
Tsukaremashitakara, chotto (yasumimashou).
--> Tsukareta kara, chotto (yasumou)
1. Kyou wa kare- o (tsukurimashou).
--> Kyou wa kare- o (tsukurou).
2. Hiru gohan o (tabe ni ikimashou) yo.
--> Hiru gohan o (tabe ni ikou) yo.
3. Isogashi sou desu ne. (Tetsudai mashou) ka.
--> Isogashi sou da ne. (Tetsudaou) ka.
4. Ame ga furi sou desu yo. Hayaku (kaerimashou).
--> Ame ga furi sou da yo. Hayaku (kaerou).
64 shiyou to omotte imasu
Dou tsukau ?
"~ you to omotte iru" wa, " nani ka o suru to kesshin shite kara sutto sou kangaete iru" toiu jibun no ishi o hoka no hito ni tsutaeru toki ni tsukau.
Use "~you to omotte iru" when you tell another person about your intent of something you have been thinking of doing ever since you decided to do it.
V-you + to omotte iru
1.
A : Natsuyasumi wa dou surun desu ka.
B : Watashi wa kuni e kaerou to omotte imasu.
C : Watashi wa okinawa e ryokou ni ikou to omotte imas
2. Watashi wa nichiyoubi ni tomodachi to tenisu o shiyou to omotte imasu.
3. Kotoshi wa zettai fujisan ni noborou to omotte imasu.
Yattemiyou!
Rei : Natsuyasumi ni arubaito o (shiyou)to omotte imasu.
1. Kekkonshiki ni sensei o (shoutaishiyou) to omotte imasu.
2. Kondo no shuumatsu wa umi e itte (oyogou) to omotte imasu.
3. Watashi wa kondo chokore-to ke-ki o (tsukurou) to omotte imasu.
4. Konban, sakka- no shiai o mi ni (ikou) to omotte iru.
65 Chichi no tame ni
Dou tsukau ?
"~ tameni, ..." wa, "..." o suru mokuteki (~) o hakkiri iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~tameni, ..." to clearly state the objective (~) of doing "..."
N no + tame ni
V-ru
1. Kazoku no tame ni, isshoukenmei hatarakimasu.
2. Keizai ni tsuite benkyou suru tame n8, nihon e kimashita.
3. Atarashii kuruma o kau tame ni, chokin o shite imasu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Shushou wa kokusai kaigi ni (shussekisuru) tameni raishuu kyouto e ikimasu.
1. Jidousha koujou o (kengakusuru) tame ni nagoya e kimashita.
2. Kono fune wa nihon kara chuugoku e ryuugakusei o (okuru) tame ni tsukawaremashita.
3. (Shourai no) tame ni, ganbatte benkyou shite imasu.
4. Kore wa kanji o benkyou shite iru (gaikokujin no) tame no jisho desu.
"tameni" to "youni"
"tameni" to "youni" wa dochira mo mokuteki o arawashimasu ga, jibun no ishi de koudou suru tokinwa "tameni" o tsukai, joukyou ya yoku naru youninegau toki ni wa "youni" o tsukau.
Both "tameni" and "youni" express an 9bjective, but use "tameni" for an action that is of your own will and use "youni" when you hope that a situation will improve.
1. Isha wa byouki o naosu tameni ganbatte iru.
2. Tomodachi wa byouki ga hayaku naoru youni ganbatte iru.
55 waruku naranai youni
66 hiku tsumori desu
Dou tsukau ?
"~tsumorida" wa, jibun no tsuyoi ishi o iutoki ni tsukau.
Use "~tsumori" to state your strong will.
V-ru + tsumori
V-nai
1. Watashi 2a rainen nihon ni ryuugakusuru tsumori desu.
2. Kotoshi wa nihongo nouryokushiken no N4 o ukeru tsumori desu.
3.
A : Konya no pa-ti-, dou suru?
B : Watashi wa ikanai tsumori.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Kotoshi no bo-nasu wa, ryokou no tame ni (chokinsuru) tsumori desu.
1. Tabako no nedan ga agattara, tabako o (yameru) tsumori desu.
2. Watashi wa koukou o sotsugyou shitara, sugu hatarakou to omotte imasu.
Daigaku ni wa (ikanai) tsumori desu.
3. Senmongakkou de konpyu-ta- no benkyou o (suru) tsumori desu.
4, Watashi wa kaisha i yamete, atarashii kaisha o (tsukuru) tsumori desu.
67 kodomo ni narawasetai
Dou tsukau ?
"hito A" wa "hito B" ni + V-saseru no katachi de, A ga B ni shiji, kyousei o shite, B ga koudou shita koto o iu toki ni tsukau. Me ue no hito ni wa tsukawanai.
Use "person A" wa "person B" ni + V-saseru form when you say that A instructed or forced B to do something that B then did. Do not put a higher ranking person in place of person B.
Jisho kei causative form (shieki kei)
V-ru V-saseru
I guru-pu kaku kakaseru
hanasu hanasaseru
yomu yomaseru
II guru-pu taberu tabesaseru
miru misaseru
okiru okisaseru
III guru-pu suru saseru
kuru kosaseru
Shiekibun no joshi causative sentence particles :
"hito" ni (mono) o V-saseru
"hito" o V-saseru
1. Haha wa watashi ni takusan yasai o tabesasemashita.
2. Sensei wa Satousan ni tekisuto o yomasemashita.
3. Hanakosan wa hiroshikun o nijikan matase mashita.
4. Sensei wa byouki no suzukisan o uchi e kaerasemashita.
5. Shachou wa tanakasan ni kimusan o mukae ni ikasemashita.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Sensei wa gakusei ni (sakubun o kakasemashita).
1. Sensei wa jugyou no aida, (hon to no-to o kaban ni shimawasemashita).
2. Sensei wa gakusei ni (gomi o sutesasemashita).
3. Shachou wa yamadasan (o) (shachou shitsu ni kosasemashita).
4. Shachou wa ookawasan (o) (amerika ni shucchousasemashita).
5. Shachou wa suzuki kachou (ni) (uemurasan/ kun no sewa o sasemashita).
Meue no hito ni nani ka o onegai shita baai wa, shieki kei wa tsukawanaide, "~te morau. ~te itadaku" o tsukau.
Use "~te morau. ~ te itadaku" when you ask a higher ranking person to do something. Do not use the causative form.
Watashi wa sensei ni sakubun o naosasemashita.
⊙ Watashi wa sensei ni sakubun o naoshite itadakimashita.
Shiekikei ni wa, kyoka o arawasu o tsukai kata mo aru.
You can also use the causative form to grant permission.
1. Chichi wa kodomo tachi ni sukinq shigoto o sasemashita.
2. Shachou wa shashin ni jiyuu ni iken o iwasemashita.
Matome no mondai
Mondai 1
Bun no kumitate
☆ ni hairu mono wa dore desu ka. 1. 2. 3. 4 kara ichiban ii mono o hitotsu erande kudasai.
1. Shiken ni goukaku suru (kadouka wakarimasen ga (1) ukete miru tsumori) desu.
2. Kenkou no (tame ni yasai o (3) takusan tabeta houga ii) to omoimasu.
3. Natsu yasumi wa yama ni (nobottari umi de (4) oyoidari shiyou) to omotte imasu.
4. Rainen, senmon gakkou ni (haitte dezain ni (4) benkyou o shiyou) to omotte imasu.
5. Kiiro no shingou wa, sugu (aka ni naru (4) kara chuuishiro) toiu imi desu.
Mondai 2
Bunshou no bunpou
Ichi kara yon made ni nani o iremasu ka. 1. 2. 3. 4 kara ichiban ii mono o h8totsu erande kudasai.
Watashi wa kodomo no toki, chichi ni mainichi piano o (renshuusuru) to iwarete, taihendatta. Demo ima wa muzukashii kyoku mo hiketw, piani no tanoshisa mo wakaru (youni natta). Watashi wa ima, chichi no tanjoubi ni hiku tameni shopan no kyoku o renshuu shite iru.
Yamadasan wa kodomo ni piano o (narawasetai) to itte ita. Watashi mo jibun no kodomo ni piano o (narawasetai). Tanjoubi ni kodomo ga watashi no (tame ni) piano o hiite kuretara, totemo ureshii to omou.
Mondai 3
Dokkai
Tsugi no bunshou o yonde, shitsumon ni kotaete kudasai. Kotae wa 1. 2. 3. 4 kara, ichiban ii mono o hitotsu erande kudasai.
Watashi no kazoku o shoukaishimasu. Watashi ga tsukutta otetsudai robotto no "hanako" desu. Hanako wa watashi ga hanasu no o kiite, kotoba o oboemasu.
Hanako wa maiasa "ohayou, darou." to iimasu. Soshite watashi no tame ni oishii asa gohan o tsukutte kuremasu. Demo sono atode, watashi ni "kaisha ni chikoku suruzo. Hayaku ha o migake! Kao o arae !" to iimasu. Sonna shitsurei na ii kata o shite wa ikemasen. Watashi wa hana ko o, nihongo gakkou ni kayowaseyou to omotte imasu. Benkyou shitara, kotoba no tsukai kata ga wakaru youni naru to omoimasu.
1. Hanakosan ga dekinai koto wa nan desu ka.
Teineina kotoba de hanasu koto.
2. Hanakosan wa "kao o arae" toiu kotoba o douyatte oboemashita ka.
Tarousan no kotoba o kiite oboemashita.
3. Tarousan wa korekara hanakosan ni nani o sasetai to omotte imasu ka.
Nihongo gakkou de benkyou sasetai to omotte imasu.
Mondai 4
Choukai
1 Mazu shitsumon o kiite kudasai. Sorekara hanashi o kiite, mondaiyoushi no ichi kara yon no naka kara, ichiban ii mono o hitotsu erande kudasai.
Otoko no hito to onna no hito ga hanashite imasu. Otoko no hito wa doushite onna no hito ni chuui shimashita ka.
M : Chotto ! Dame desu yo, iriguchi no mae ni tomete wa ...
F : E ? Jitensha de gakkou e kite wa ikemasen ks.
M : Koko wa chuurin kinshi desu yo. Hora, kono kami o mite kudasai.
F : Korewa douiu imi desu ka.
M : "Koko ni jitensha o tomeruna" toiu imi desu yo.
F : Sou desu ka. Sumimasen.
M : Gakkou no yoko ni tomete kudasai ne.
F : Hai, wakarimashita.
Otoko no hito wa doushite onna no hito ni chuui shimashita ka.
1 Jitensha de gakkou e kitakara
2 Iriguchi no mae ni jitensha o tometa kara
3 gakkou no y9un8 jitensha o tometa kara
4 jitensha okiba ni jitensha o tometa kara
2 Kono mondai de wa e nado ga arimasen. Mazu, bun o kiite kudasai. Sorekara, sono henji o kiite, ichi kara san no naka kara, ichiban ii mono o hitotsu erande kudasai.
1
F : Moshimoshi, uchi no suidou no mizu ga tomaranain desu.
M :
1 Ja, sugu dareka ikasemasu.
2 Ja, sugu tomarimasu.
3 Ja, sugu kite kudasai.
2
F : Shiai, zannendatta ne.
M :
1 Un. Demo tsugi wa u tsumori da yo.
2 Un. Demo tsugi wa zettai katsu tokoro da yo.
3 Un. Demo tsugi wa zettai katsu kadouka da yo.
3
M : A, are yuumeina burando no mise da yo.
F
1 Chotto, hairi nasai !
2 Chotto, haitte miru ?
3 Chotto, hairi sou da ne.
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