Bab 7(1) JLPT N4
Daisukina piano (1)
I love the piano (1)
Dekirukoto.
• Shumi ya naraijitono setsumei ni shite, chuui sareta koto ya joutatsu shita koto ni tsuite hansu koto ga dekiru.
Yamada : Suzukisan, shumi wa piano desu ka. Ii desu ne. Nansai kara hajimetan desu ka.
Suzuki : Sansai kara desu. Demo, hajime wa amari suki janakattan desu.
Yamada : Hee,
Suzuki : Chichi wa pianisuti na node, chichi ni "asobi ni iku na. Renshuu shiro !" tte mainichi iwarete, taihen dattan desu.
Yamada : Otousan wa totemo kibishikattan desu ne.
Suzuki : Demo, chichi ga nesshin ni oshie te kureta node, muzukashii kyoku ga hikeru youni natta ndesu.
Yamada : Sorede piano ga suki ni nattan desu ne.
57 asobi ni iku
Doutsukau ?
"~na" wa, "shite wa ikenai !" to tsuyoku iu toki ni tsukau. Supo-tsu no ouen, koukyou no chuu i gaki, hyoushiki nadi no imi no setsumei, otoko tomodachi toushi, oya ga kodomo ni, mata inu ya neko ni chuu i o suru toki nado ni yoku tsukawareru. Hoka no hiti ni kotoba o tsutaeru toki n8 mo tsukau.
Use "~na" when you want to forcefully say, "Don't do that!" It is often used, fir example : to cheer on athletes; on written warnings in public; to explain the meaning of a sign and the like; between male friends; by a parent to a child; and to warn a dog or cat. You can also use it when you repeat what another person has said.
V-ru + na
1. Mazeruna. Kiken.
2. Makeruna~ !
3.
A : Boku ga kabinwatta koto, zettai dareni mo iuna yo.
B : Wakatta yo. Iwanai yo.
4. "Shiyoukinshi" wa tsukauna toiu imi desu.
5. Sensei wa jugyou no toki wa jisho o miruna to iimasu.
7. Bijutsukan de shashin o toruna to iwaremashita.
Tsuyoi kinshi no hyougen na node, me ue no hito ya shitashiku nai hito ni tsukau to shitsurei ni naru.
This is astrong warning to prohibition an activity, so it is rude to say to a higher ranking or unfamiliar person.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Kono ma-ku wa sentaku ki de (arauna) toiu imi desu.
1. Kono ma-ku wa, kokode yakyuu o (suruna) toiu imi desu.
2. Kono ma-ku wa kokoni kuruma o(tomeruna) toiu imi desu.
3. Kono ma-ku wa tabako o (suuna) toiu imi desu.
4. Kono ma-ku wa shashin o (toruna) toiu imi desu.
58 renshuu shiro
Dou tsukau ?
"~shiro" nado no meireikei wa, "zettai ni shite kudasai!" to tsuyoku meirei suru toki ni tsukau. Supo-tsu no ouen, hyoushiku nado no imi no setsumei, otokotomodachi doushi, oya ga kodomo ni, mata inu ya neko ni chuui o surutoki, hoka no hito ga iita koto o tsutaeru toki nado ni yoku tsukawareru.
Use "~shiri" to give a strong order that the listener must carry out. It is often used, for example : to cheer on athletes; to explain the meaning of a sign and the like; between male friends; by a parent to a child; to warn a dog or cat; and to repeat what another person has said.
V-ru meireikei imperative form
I guru-pu isogu isoge
iku ike
hashiru hashire
II guru-pu neru nero
taberu tabero
okiru okiro
III guru-pu suru shiro
kuru koi
1. Aka no shingou wa tomare to iu imi desu.
2. Ganbare ! Ute !
3. Chichivwa itsumo watashi ni, benkyoushiro toiu.
Tsuyoi meirei no hyougen na node, me ue no hito ya shitashikunai hito ni tsukau to shitsurei ni naru.
This expression is a strong order, so it is rude to say a higher ranking or unfamiliar person.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Kono michi wa abunai kara, (chuui shiro) yo !
1. Motto yukkuri (aruke) !
2. Hayaku kocchi e (koi) !
3. Chichi wa itsumo watashi ni heya o (katazukero) to iimasu.
4. Kono ma-ku wa, michi e (magare) toiu imi desu.
+Plus
~nasai
"V- masu + nasai" toiu imi wa, oya ga kodomo ni, sensei ga gakusei ni taishite meirei o suru toki nado ni tsukau. Meireikei yori wa tsuyokunai ii kata. Shiken ni mondai no shiji ni tsukawareru koto mo ooi.
Words formed by " V - masu + nasai" are used, for example, by a parent ti a child, or by a teacher to a student, to give an order. This way of speaking is not as strong as the imperative form. It is also often used in instructions for a test.
1. Mou hachiji desu yo. Hayaku oki nasai.
2. Gohan wa noko nasai de, zenbu tabe nasai.
3. Mondai o yonde, kotae nasai.
59 tte mainichi iwarete
Dou tsukau ?
Tomodachi to no kaiwa de wa, "~toiu" "~to omou" nado no "~to" no kawari ni "~tte" o tsukau.
In conversation with friend, use "~tte" in place of "~to" when you want to say things like "~ toiu" and "~ to omou".
Pl + tte
1.
A : Kyou, Satousan qa yasumi desu ka.
B : Ee, sakki, denwa de kaze o hiitatte itte imashita.
2.
A : Nyuuin shite itatte kikimashita kedo, mou daijoubu nan desu ka.
B : Ee. Arigatou gozaimasu. Okage sama de.
3. Asoko ni "kuruma ni chuui !" tte kaite arimasu yo.
4. Isshoni ryokou nu ikoutte tomodachi to yakusoku shita no ni, shigoto de ike naku natte shimaimashita.
Tomodachi to no kaiwa de wa "~ to itte ita" no "itte ita" o iwanaide, "~tte" dakede hito kara kiita naiyou o arawasu koto mo aru.
In conversation with friends, instead of saying the"itte ita" "in"~ to itte ita", you can just say "~tte" to say what you heard from another person.
1.
A : Kobayashisan, kyou korarerutte itte ita ?
B : Chotto okurete mo yokereba, daijoubu datte.
2.
A : Tenki yohou, mita ?
B : Un. Gogo kara yuki ga furutte.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Ookawasan, kono shousetsu o kaku noni ichinen kakattan da (tte).
Hontoukana ?
1. Boku, ashita suzukisan to pu-ru e ikunda. Tanoshimi da naa.
2. Kyou no saikou kion wa sanjuu roku do da (tte) terebi de itte ta yo.
3. Satousan ni kiitan dakedo, kouyatte tsukuru to, oishiinda (tte).
4.
A : Otousan, yuugata goji ni hikouki da (tte) itte ita yo.
B : Ja, mousugu kaette kuru ne.
60 oshiete kureta
Dou tsukau ?
"~ te kureru" wa, hoka no hito gq jibun ni tame ni shita kou i o kansha shite hanasu toki ni tsukau. "Watashi ni" wa iwanai koto ga ooi.
Use "~te kureru" when you expresses gratitude for an action by another person that was to your benefit. "Watashi n8" is often omitted.
V-te + kureru
1. Kodomo no toki, sobo wa yoku watashi ni hon o yonde kuremashita.
2. Tomodachi ga konsa-to ni sasotte kureta no de, issho ni ikimashita.
3. Ani wa itsumo watashi ni sakka- o oshiete kuremasu.
Yattemiyou !
1. Tetsudatte (kurete), arigatou. Okagede hayaku owatta yo.
2. Michi ga wakaranakute komatte itatoki, shiranai hito ga shinsetsu ni annai shite (kureta) ndesu. Sorega ima no kanojo desu.
3.
A : Chotto kono shigoto o tetsudatte (morai) tain desu ga ...
B : Ii desu yo.
+Plus
~o kureru. ~o kudasaru
1 "kureru" wa, nani ka mono o purezento sareta toki ni tsukau.
Use "kureru" when you are given something as a present.
1) Ane wa itsumo watashi ni okashi o kuremasu.
2) Tanjoubi ni kare ga nekkuresu o kureta.
3)
A : Ii kamera da ne. Doko de katta no ?
B : Tanjoubi ni chichi ga kuretan da.
18 donna mono o agerun desu ka.
2 "Kureru" no sonkei hyougen wa "-kudasaru". Mazu kei wa "kudasaimasu" ni naru.
The honorific form of "kureru" is "kudasaru". The "masu" form is "kudasaimasu".
1) Sensei wa ii daigaku o shoukaishite kudasaimashita.
2) Sasakisan wa yoku watashitachi ni ke-ki o katte kite kudasaimasu.
3. Buchou wa kekkon no oiwai ni kireina e o kudasaimashita.
4. Yamadasan wa me-ru no henji o kudasaimasen deshita.
Ureshii kimochi o arawashitai toki wa, "~te kureru" o tsukai, "komatta, taihenda" toiu kimochi i arawasu toki wa ukemi o tsukau.
Use "~te kureru" when you want to express a happy emotion, and use the passive form when you say that something was troublesome or difficult.
1. Ke ga o shita tok8, tomodachi gq ryouri o motte kite kuremashita.
2. Asa, mada nete iru toki, tomodachi ni korare mashita.
49 koneko ni kamaretanda
36 tsurete itte moraimashita
61 hikeru youni natta
Dou tsukau ?
"~youni naru" wa, "dekinai" kara "dekiru" e no henka o iutoki ni tsukau.
Use "~youni naru" wa, "dekinai" kara "dekiru" e no henka o iutoki ni tsukau.
Use "~youni naru" wa, "dekinai" kara "dekiru" e no henka o iutoki ni tsukau.
Use "~youni naru" when you say that something not do able before becomes do able.
V-dekiru + youni naru
*"wakaru. dekiru. mieru. kikoeru" nado mo tsukau.
1. Nihon ni kita toki wa, nattou ga taberaremasen deshita ga, ima wa taberareru youni narimashita.
2.
A : Itsu nihongi de denwa ga hakerareru youni narimasu ka.
B : Sugu dekiru youni narimasu yo.
3. Mainichi nihon no terebi o mitara, nihonjin no hanashi ga wakaru youni narimasu ka.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Nijuusai ni natta node, osake ga (nomeru) youni narimashita.
1. Kotoshi no natsu, yatto hyaku me-toru (oyogeru) youni narimashita.
2. Jidousha gakkou de ikka getsu renshuu shite, kuruma ga (unten dekiru) youni narimashita.
3. Byouki ga naotte, gohan ga (taberareru) youni natta.
4. Hayaky nihongo no shinbun ga (yomeru) youni naritai desu.
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