Bab 6(2) JLPT N4
Ki no koneko (2)
A kitten in the tree (2)
Dekiru koto
• Tomodachi ni jijou o setsumei shitari kansou o ittari dekiru.
Explain situations to a friend and state your impressions.
• Ke ga nado o shita tomodachi o kizukai, adobaisu ga dekiru.
Suzuki : Koneko ga ki no ue de nya-nya- naite itan da.
Satou : Sono koneko, ki ni nobotte, orirare nakatta no ne.
Suzuki : Un. Sono mama *ni shi te oita ra, ochi soudatta ndakedo, shita kara te o nobashi temo todoka nakatta kara, boku mo ki ni nobotte ...
Satou : Sorede koneko ga bikkurishite, kanda no ne.
Suzuki : Maa, koneko ga ke ga o shi nakute, yokatta kedo.
Satou : Yasashii no wa ii kedo, suzukisan, yasashi sugiru yo. Sono ke ga, waruku naranai youni, byouin e itta houga ii yo.
Suzuki : Chotto kamareta dakeda shi, mou sonna ni itakunai shi, daijoubu da yo.
*sono mama : Ima no joukai o kaenai koto. Koko de wa neko ga ki no ue ni iru joukai.
To not change the current situation, which in this case is the cat being in the tree.
50 sono mama ni shite oita
Dou tsukau ?
"~ te oku" wa, ima no mama ni joutai o kaenaide tsuzukeru toki ni tsukau.
Use "~te oku" when a person leaves the current situation as is.
V-te + oku
1.
A : Kono shiryou, katazukete mo ii desu ka.
B : Mada tsukaimasu kara, sono mama ni shite oite kudasai.
2.
A : Kaigishitsu no eakon, keshimashou ka.
B : Ichiji kara kaigi desu kara, tsukete oite kudasai.
3. Doa o sukoshi akete okeba, koneko ga itsudemo heya ni hairemasu.
Yattemiyou !
1.
A : Te-buru no ue no nomimono, dou shimasu ka.
B : Atode katazukemasu kara, (dashite oite) kudasai.
2.
A : Yogoreta osara wa dou shimasu ka.
B : Watashi ga araimasu kara, (oiteoite) kudasai.
3.
A : Mado, shimemashou ka.
B : Souji shita atode shimemasu kara. (kikete oite) kudasai.
51 ochisoudatta
Dou tsukau ?
"~souda" wa, dousa ya henka ga okoru chokuzen, mousugu okiru to iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~ souda" when you say that something will happen soon, right before an action or change.
V- masu + souda
1. Sora ga kuraku natte kita. Ame ga furi sou desu.
2. Ano ko wa ima ni mo nakusou desu.
3. Tsuyoi kaze ga fuite imasu. Ki ga taore sou desu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Fukuro ga (yabure) sou desu.
1. Kaze de hi ga (kie) sou desu.
2. Gasorin ga (nakunari) sou desu.
3. Zubon no poketto kara saifu ga (ochi) sou desu.
4. Yakusoku no jikan ni (okure) sou desu.
2 oishisou desu
37 tsukare sou desu
51 ochisoudatta
81 intai sareru soudesu
52 te o nobashi temo
Dou tsukau ?
"~temo, ..." wa, futsuu ni kangaeru koto to hantai no koto o iu toki ni tsukau. "donna ni. tatoe. ikura" nado to issho ni tsukau to, kyouchou no imi ni naru.
Use "~temo, ..." when you say something opposite of what one would normally think. You can add emphasis by combining it with words such as "donnani. tatoe. ikura".
Doushi kiku kiitemo kikanakutemo
yomu yondemo yomanakutemo
taberu tabetemo tabenakutemo
suru shitemo shinakutemo
i keiyoushi takai takakutemo takakunakutemo
ii *yokutemo *yokunakutemo
na keiyoushi hima himademo himade nakutemo
himajanakutemo
Meishi ame amedemo amedenakutemo
amejanakutemo
1.
A : Ame demo umi e ikimasu ka.
B : Hai, ame ga futte mo ikimasu.
2. Takakutemo, ii pasokon ga hoshii.
3. Kondo no pa-ti- wa moushikoma nakutemo, sanka dekimasu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei :
A : Nigatsu ni nattara, yuki ga furimasu ka.
B : Iie. (Nigatsu ni nattemo), toukyou de wa amari takusan furimasen.
1.
A : Isoide itte, tsugi no densha ni norimashou.
B : Ima kara (ittemo/ isoide demo), mani aimasen yo.
2.
A : Watashi wa mada nihongo ga amari jouzu janain desuga, daijoubu desu ka.
B : Ee. Nihongo ga (jouzujanakutemo), daijoubu desu yo.
3.
A : Eigo ga dekina kattara, kono shigoto wa dekimasen ka.
B : Daijoubu desu. (Eigo ga dekinakutemo), kono shigoto wa dekimasu yo.
4.
A : Kuruma dattara, eki made juppun de ikemasu ka.
B : Iie. Tooi node, (kuruma demo) juppun de wa ikemasen.
5.
A : Kochira no heya wa ikaga desu ka. Chotto furui desuga hiroi desu yo.
B :Ii desu ne. (Furukutemo), hiroi houga ii desu.
"Gimonshi + ~ temo/ demo" wa, "itsumo. donna baai demo. zenbu" toiu imi de tsukawareru.
"Question word + ~temo/ demo" is used to mean "anytime, anywhere or all."
1. Itsu ittemo, kare wa rusu desu.
2. Kono bun wa muzukashikute, nankai yondemo, wakarimasen.
3. Kare wa donna supo-tsu demo dekimasu.
4. Seikatsu ya benkyou ga donna ni taihen demo, watashi wa ryuugakushitai.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Kimurasan wa doko ni itta no darou. (Dare) ni kiite mo shiranau to iu.
1. Jitensha no kagi o nakushite shimatte. (Doko) o sagashitemo mitsukaranai.
2. Onaka ga suite iru toki wa, (nani) o tabete mo oishii to omou.
3. Yamanakasan wa (itsu) atte mo genki ni aisatsu shite kureru.
"noni" to "~demo"
"~noni" wa jijitsu ni tsuite odoroki, koukai ya fuman no imi o motte iru ga, "~temo" wa sono jijitsu dake o iu toki ni tsukau.
The meaning of "~noni" can be surprise over a fact, as well as regret or dissatisfaction, but use "~temo" when you just want to state the fact without adding an emotional nuance.
1. Ame na noni, gorufu o shitan desu ka.
2. Ame demo, sakka- no shiai wa arimasu yo.
15 kekkonshiki wa rokugatsu na noni
53 ke ga o shinakute, yokatta
Dou tsukau ?
"~te,..." wa, "~" ga riyuu de "..." no joutai ni natta to iu toki ni tsukau. "..." ni wa, kanjou ya fukanou o arawasu kotoba ga kuru kotoga ooi.
Use "~te, ..." with "~" as the reason and "..." as the resulting situation. Words to express emotion or inability are often used for "..."
Doushi suru shite shinakute
i Keiyoushi takai takakute takakunakute
na Keiyoushi hima himade himajanakute
Meishi ame amede amejanakute
1. Kekkonshiki de hisashiburi ni tomodachu ni aete, tanoshikatta desu.
2. Okurete, sumimasen. Nakanaka shigoto ga owaranakute ...
3. Saikin atsukute, yoku neraremasen.
4. Kono setsumeisho wa fukuzatsu de, yoku wakarimasen.
5.
A : Sensei, sumimasen. Kinou wa youji ga attw gakkou o yasumi mashita.
B : Sou desu ka. Byouki ja nakute yokatta kedo, chanto renrakushite kudasai.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Takusan (aruite), ashi ga itaku narimashita.
1. Densha ga (tomatte), komatte imasu.
2. Kyou wa (taifuu de), gakkou ga yasumi ni narimashita.
3. Okane ga (natte), nani mo kaemasen.
4. Nihon e kite, machi ga (kireide), odorokimashita.
5. Kono ryouri wa (karakute), taberaremasen.
1 Ushiro no bun ni wa "~te kudasai" "~shiro" "~masenka" nado irai. meirei. kyoka. sasoi nado, hanasu hito no ishi o arawasu kotoba wa tsukaenai.
You cannot use words that express the speaker's intent in the form of requests, orders, permissions or invitations such as "~te kudasai", "~shiro" or "~masenka" in the second half of the sentence.
samikute, mado o shimete kudasai.
2 "~nakute" wa gen in. riyuu o arawasu. "~naide" wa sono joutai no mama tsugi no koto o suru toki ni tsukau.
"~nakute" expresses a cause or reason. Use "~naide" when that situation will continue during the following action.
1. Shukudai o shinaide, neta.
2. Shukudai o shinakute, sensei ni shikarareta.
9 kawa o mukanaide
54 yasashi sugiru
Dou tsukau ?
"~ sugiru" wa, choudo ii teido de wa naku, sore o koete iru kara komaru to iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~sugiru" when you say that something is not right, but is rather in excess and causing a problem.
V- masu
i A i + sugiru
na A
*ii --> yosugiru
1. Oishikatta node, tabesugite shimaimashita.
2. Kaban ni nimotsu o iresugita node, omokute, motemasen.
3. Kono pazuru wa fukuzatsusugite, dekimasen.
4. Beddo ga ookisugite, heya ni hairimasen deshita.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Sengetsu wa okane o (tsukai) sugita kara, kongetsu wa tsukawanai youni shimasu.
1. Tabemono o (kai) sugite, reizouko no naka ni zenbu hairimasen.
2. Kinou osake o (nomi) sugite, kyou wa atama ga itai desu.
3. Kono okashi wa (ama) sugite, amari oishikunai.
4. Kono mondai wa (kantan) sugite, omoshirokunai desu.
5. Terebi no oto ga (ooki) sugiru kara, motto chiisaku shite kudasai.
"~sugi" toiu katachi de meishi ni mo naru.
You can also make a noun w8th the "~sugi" form.
1. Tabesugi nomisugi wa, karada ni yoku arimasen.
2. Nihonjin wa hataraki sugi da t9 iwarete imasu.
55 waruku naranai youn8
Dou tsukau ?
"~youni, ..." wa, komaranaide ii joukyou (~) ni naru koto o mokuhyou ni ... suru to iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~youni, ..." when you say that " ..." will be done to achieve "~" (a good, non-problematic situation)
V-ru
V-nai + youni
V- dekiru
1. Yakusoku no jikan ni okurenai youni, hayaku ie o demashita.
2. Kodomo ga taberareru youni, chiisaku kirimasu.
3. Ryuugakusei ni mowakaru youni, kantanna kotoba de setsumeishite kudasai.
4. Kireina hana ga saku youni, mainichi mizu o yarimasu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Rokuji no densha ni (maniau) youni, hayaku okimashita.
1. Minna ni (kikoeru) youni, ookii koe de hanashite kudasai.
2. Samui desukara, kaze o (hikanai) youni, ki o tsukete kudasai.
3. Denwabangou o (mani au) youni, no-to ni kaite okimasu.
4. Karada ga joubu ni (naru) youni, mainichi undoushite imasu.
5. Nihon no uta ga jouzu ni (utaeru) youni, mainichi renshuu shite imasu.
56 chotto kamareta dake dashi, mou itaku nai shi
Dou tsukau ?
"~shi, ...shi) wa, hitotsu no mono ni futatsu ijou no setsumei o kuwaeru tokini tsukau. Gen in. riyuu o iu koto m9 ooi. Hitotsu dake itte, ushiro wa iwanai koto mo aru.
Use "~shi, ... shi" when you add two or more wxpanations about one thing. It is often used to state a cause or reason. The explanations following the first one may be unspoken yet implied.
Pl + shi
1. Ano resutoran, ryouri wa oishishi, yasuishi, osusume desu yo.
2.
A : Eiga, mi ni ikanai ?
B : Gomen. Kyou wa muri. Zemi no happyou no junbu mo arushi, repo-to mo kaka nakereba ikenaishi ...
3. Ima no heya wa semaishi, eki kara tooishi, hikkoshitai ti omottw irun desu.
4.
A : Doushite yamada sensei ga sukinan desu ka.
B : Nesshindashi, omoshiroishi, sore ni shinsetsu desu kara.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Ko-hi- mo (oishii) shi, ten in san mo (shinsetsuda) shi, yoku kono mise ni kimasu.
1.
A : Koko wa ii tokoro desu ne.
B : Sou desu ne. Kireina keshiki mo (mirareru) shi, onsen mo (aru) shi, totemo ii hoteru desu ne.
2.
A : Kochira no kaban wa ikaga desu ka.
B : Sou desu ne. (Karui) shi, saizu mo choudo (ii) shi.
Ja, kore ni shimasu.
3.
A : Takahashisan wa donna hito desu ka.
B : Ii hito desu yo. Eigo mo (dekiru) shi, (majime da) shi, sore ni yasashii desu yo.
4. Kyou wa (nichiyoubi da) shi, tenki mo (ii) shi, doko ka e asobi ni ikitai desu ne.
Matome no mondai
Mondai 1
Bun no kumitate
☆ ni hairu mono wa dore desu ka. 1. 2. 3. 4 kara ichiban ii mono o hitotsu erande kudasai.
1.
A : Kono densha, suzushii desu ne.
B : Ee. (Eakon ga tsuite (3) iru you desu) ne.
2.
A : Kaze, naotta ? Ashita no shiai, daijoubu ?
B : Un. Tatoe (netsu ga sagara nakutemo (2) shiai ni wa derukara) shinpai shinaide.
3.
Kinou karaoke de (utai sugite (1) nodo ga itai) desu.
4.
Hakone e (itta noni fujisan ga (4) mienakute gakkari) shimashita.
5.
Ho-mu kara (hito ga ochinai (2) youni ho-mu ge-to o) tsukeru koto ni shimashita.
6.
Taifuu ga kurukara, kyou wa (dekakenai houga (1) ii njanai) desu ka.
Mondai 2
Bunshou no bunpou
Ichikara yon made ni nani o iremasu ka. 1. 2. 3. 4 kara ichiban ii mono o hitotsu erande kudasai.
Kyou, Suzukisan ni atta toki, te ga akaku (natte ite) odoroita. Ki kara orirare nakunatta koneko o tasuke ni itte koneko ni (kamareta) rashii. Suzukikun wa, koneko ga ke ga o shinakute yokatta to itte ita kedo, suzukisan wa (yasashi sugiru) kara, totemo shinpaida. Muri o shinai(youni) ittakedo ...
Mondai 3
Choukai
1 Mazu shitsumon o kiite kudasai. Sorekara hanashi o kiite, mondaiyoushi no ichi kara yon no nakakara, ichiban ii mono o hitotsu erande kudasai.
Otoko no hito to onna no hito ga hanashite imasu. Onna no hito ga kaigai ryokou de ichiban komatta koto wa nan desu ka
M : Hajimete no kaigai ryokou wa dou datta ?
F : Jitsu wa taihen datta no. Takushi- de michi o machigaerareru shi kaimono no toki okane ga tari naku naru shi ... Ka-do de haratta kedo ne.
M : Sou.
F : Demo ne, ichiban komatta no wa, gaikoku go de no setsumei. Toraburu ga attemo, kotoba ga wakareba, setsumei dekirun dakedo ne.
M : Sou da ne. Kotoba wa mainichi sukoshi demo benkyoushite oita houga ii ne.
Onna no hito ga kaigai ryokou de ichiban komatta koto wa nan desu ka.
1 michi o machigaerareta koto
2 okane ga tarinaku natta koto
3 ka-do de haratta koto
4 sono kuni no kotoba ga hanase nakatta koto
2 Onna no hito to otoko no hito ga hanashite imasu. Otoko no hito wa ashita manga no hon o doushimasu ka.
F : Kono aida, kashite manga motte kita ?
M : A, gomen.
F : E-. Wasurenai youni kinou me-ru shitashi, kesa rusuden ni messe-ji mo ireta noni ...
M : Hontou ? Kesa baito ga atte. Rusuden kikanakatta.
F : Shouga nai na. Kyou hoka no tomodachi ni kasu yakusoku datta no ni ... Ashita, kanarazu kashite yo.
M : Gomen.
Otoko no hito wa ashita manga no hon o dou shimasu ka.
1 onna no hito ni kaesu
2 onna no hito ni kasu
3 hoka no tomodachi ni kasu
4 hoka no hito ni kariru
2 Kono mondai de wa e nado ga arimasen. Mazu, bun o kiite kudasai. Sorekara, sono henji o kiite, ichi kara san no naka kara, ichiban ii mono o hitotsu erande kudasai.
1
F : Gokazoku to hanasemashitaka.
M:
1 Iie, nankai mo denwasuru to denain desu.
2 Iie, nankai mo denwashitara denain desu.
3 Iie, nankai denwashite mo denain desu.
2
M : Ashita wa yuki ga furu rashii yo.
F :
1 E-!? Mada juuichi gatsu nanoni.
2 E-!? Mada juuichi gatsu no youda yo.
3 E-!? Mada juuichigatsu kamo shirenai.
3
M : Okyakusan o mukaeni itte kimasu.
F :
1 Jaa, watashi wa heya no junbi o suru you desu.
2 Jaa, watashi wa heya no junbi shite okimasu.
3 Jaa, watashi wa heya no junbi o shimashita.
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