Bab 6(1) JLPT N4
Ki no ue no koneko (1)
A kitten in the tree (1)
Dekiru koto
• Tomodachi ni taishite, jijou setsumei o motomeru kotoga dekiru.
Ask a friend to explain a situation.
• Tomodachi ni taishite, jibun ga komatta koto ni tsuite jijou o setsumei dekiru.
Explain a difficult situation you had to a friend.
Satou : Are, te, dou shita no ? Akaku natte iru youda kedo ...
Byouin e itta houga ii njanai ?
Suzuki : Un. Sakki, koneko ni ka mareta nda.
Satou : E ? Kamareta !?
Suzuki : Un ...
46 doushitano ?
Dou tsukau ?
Jijou o kiitari setsumei shitari suru toki tomodachi to no kaiwa de wa "~ndesu" no kawari ni "~no" "~nda" o tsukau. "~no" wa josei ga tsukau koto ga ooi.
Use "~no" and "~nda" in the place of "ndesu" in conversation with friends when you ask about or explain situations. Women often use "no".
Pl + no/ nda
(na A da na N da na)
1.
A : Kyou doushite konakatta no ?
B : Un, chotto atama ga itakattan da.
2.
A : Kore, oishiku nakatta ?
B : Sou janakute, ima, onaka suite nai no.
3.
A : Satousan wa daigakusei nan da yo.
B : E ? Sounanda.
47 akaku natte iru youda
Dou tsukau ?
"~ youda" wa, sono toki no jibun no kankaku, mietari kikoetari, sawatta kanji, aji ya nioi nado kara kangaeta koto o iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~youda" when you talk about what you think based on, for example, what you sense at the time, what you see or hear, what something feels like to the touch, a taste, or smell.
Pl + youda
(na A da na N da no)
1.
A : Kyoushitsu no denki ga tsuite imasu yo.
B : Dare ka iru you desu ne.
2.
A : Soto wa ame ga futte iru you desu ne.
B : Sou desu ne. Kanari hidoi ame no you desu yo.
3. Kono kusuri o nonde, karada no choushi ga sukoshi yoku natta you desu.
4.
A : Kono niku, chotto furui you da kedo, tabete mo daijoubu ka na.
B : Chanto yakeba taberareru to omou yo.
Yattemiyou !
Rei :
A : Satousan ga inain desu ga ...
B : Kaban ga arimasen ne. Mou uchi e (kaetta) you desu yo.
1. Ne5su ga atte, atama ga itain desu. Doumo kaze o (hiita) you desu.
2.
A : takuyakun no koe ga shimasu ne.
B : Ee. Soto de genki ni (asonde iru) you desu.
3.
A : Yamadasan wa yasai o zenzen tabete imasen deshita ne.
B : Yasai ga (kiraina) you desu ne.
4.
A : Tanakasan, tanakasan. Heya ni inai no kana ?
B : Ee. (Rusu no) you desu ne.
3 tsukuttan desuka
48 itta houga iinjanai ?
Dou tsukau ?
"~njanai?" wa, "watashi wa ~da to omoimasu ga, anata mo sou omou deshou" toiu kimochi o komete, aite no iken o kiku toki ni tsukau. Hitei ni imi wa nai.
Use "~njanai?" to ask for another person's opinion by adding a nuance that says, "This is what I think. You think so too, don't you ?" Although the conjugation looks negative, it does not make the sentence negative.
Pl + njanau ?
(na A da na N da na)
1.
A : Yamakawasan, inaine ...
B : Saki ni kaettan janai ?
2.
A : Ano resutoran de shokujishouka.
B : Demo, denki ga tsuite inai kara, yasumi nan janai ?
3. Amari osake o nomanai houga iin janai desu ka.
Yattemiyou !
Rei :
A : Koremo hyakuen kana ?
B : Un. Kono mise wa doremo (hyakuen na)njanai ?
1.
A : Kono nekutai dou kana.
B : U-n. Chotto (hadena)njanai ?
2.
A : Are. No-to ga nai.
B : Motte kuru no o (wasureta)n janai desuka ?
3.
A : Sorosoro okyakusan ni deza-to o dasouka.
B : Mada chotti (hayai)n janai ?
4.
A : Hayaku dekaketa houga (ii)n janai ?
B : Juuji made ni tsukeba iin dakara, mada daijoubu da yo.
49 koneko ni kamaretan da
Dou tsukau ?
Hoka no hito no kou i ya deki koto niyotte, higai o uketari, iyana kimochi ni natta to kanjiru toki, ukemi kei o tsukau.
Use the passive form when someone is hurt or feels badly sue to an incident or the actions of another person.
Higai no baai mo "hito" ni "mono" o "ukemi kei" no katachi i tsukau.
When talking about hurt or damage, use the same pattern : "person ni thing o passive form".
Watashino fuku wa otouto ni yogosareta. --> ⊙ Watashi wa otouto ni fuku i yogosareta,
1. Watashi wa inu ni te o kamaremashita.
2. Ani wa dorobou ni saifu o toraremashita
3. Tanakasan wa dare ka ni nimotsu o motte ikaremashita.
4. Kaisha kara kaette kuru tochuu, ame ni furaremashita.
5.nkaigi no mae ni isogi no shigoto o tanomarete, kaigi ni chikokushite shimatta.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Watashi wa inu ni kutsu o (motte ikare)mashita.
1. Watashi wa tonari no hito ni ani o (fumare) mashita.
2. Watashi wa tsuma ni me-ru o (mirare) mashita.
3. Kodomo ni pasokon o (kowasarete) komarimashita.
4. Kinou no ban, kodomo ni (nakarete), neraremasen deshita.
"~rareru" to "~te morau)
Kou i o uketa koto ga meiwakuna toki wa ukemi o tsukai, kansha o shite iru toki wa, "~te morau" o tsukau.
Use the passive form when an action that affects you causes an inconvennience, and use "~ te morau" when you are grateful for the action.
Watashi wa ani ni, me-ru o miraremashita.
Watashi wa ani ni, supi-chi no sakubun o naoshite moraimashita.
Yattemiyou !
1. Tanjoubi ni suzukisan ni piano o (hiite moraimashita). Totemo sutekina kyoku deshita.
2. Ru-mu meito ni ookii oto de terebi o (mirarete), urusakute benkyou dekinakatta.
3. Yamadasan ni hokkaidou e (tsurete itte moraimashita). Hokkaidou wa hirokute kireina tokoro deshita. Mata ikitai desu.
4. Nimotsu ga omokute taihen datta node, tomodachi ni sukoshi (motte moraimashita).
5. Dareka ni kasa o (motte ikarete), komarimashita.
14 kekkonshiki ni shoutaisareta
29 kame ga kazararete imasu
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