Bab 3(1) JLPT N4

 Bab 3(1) JLPT N4

Kekkonshiki (1)

A wedding (1)

Dekiru koti

• kotoba nado no imi o kantan ni setsumei dekiru.

Simply explain the meaning of words and the like.

• Shuukan ya kisoku ni tsuite setsumei shitari shitsumon shitari dekiru.

Explain and ask about customs and rules.

Tan : Sumimasen. Yamadasan, kore wa nan desu ka.

Yamada : Aa, sore wa "gohoumei" to yomun desu yo. Namae toiu imi desu.

Tan : Sou desu ka. Arigatou gozaimasu.

Yamada : Tansn, kekkonshiki shoutai sareta ndesuka.

Tan : Hai. Kekkonshiki wa rokugatsu na noni, mou shoutaijou ga todoitan desu.

Yamada : Nihon de wa futsuu sanka getsu mae ni dashimasu yo.

Tan : Pa-ti- no seki o kime nakereba narimasen kara.

Tan : E !? Seki o kimerun desu ka.

Yamada : Ee. 

13 namae toiu imi desu

Dou tsukau ?

"~ toiu imi" wa, kotoba ya ma-ku nado no imi o setsumei suru toki ni tsukau.

Use "~toiu imi" when you explain the meanint of a word, symbol or the like.

Pl + toiu im8

1. "Reijou" wa orei no tegami toiu imi desu.

2. Kore wa kumori desu ga tokidoki hareru toiu imi desu.

3.

A : Sensei, kono sankaku wa dou iu imi desu ka.

B : Kotae ga chotto chigau toiu imi desu.

4. Nihongo no "sumimasen" wa, arigatou toiu imi demo tsukaimasu.

Yattemiyou !

Rei :

A : Kore wa douiu imi desu ka.

B : Koko ni (onsen ga aru) toiu imi desu.

1.

A : Kore wa douiu imi desu ka.

B : Hidari ni (toire ga aru) toiu imi desu.

2.

A : Kore wa douiu imi desu ka.

B : Onaka ni (akachan ga iru) toiu imi desu.

3.

A : Kore wa douiu imi desu ka.

B : (Ai nai) toiu imi desu. 

14 kekon shiki ni shoutai sareta

Dou tsukau ?

Ukemi kei wa, kou i o uketa hito o chuushin ni shite hanashitai toki ni tsukau. Kou i o shita hito wa joshi "ni" de arawasu. "homeru. sasou. tazukeru. tanomu. shoutaisuru" nado ga yoku tsukawareru.

Use the passive form when you want to talk about a receiver of an action. Indicate the person who did the action with the particle "ni". The passive form is often used with words such as "homeru. sasou. tasukeru. tanomu. shoutaisuru".

                         V- ru                ukemi kei (passive form)  V-rareru

I guru-pu        tanomu           tanomareru

                          yobu                yobareru

                          sasou               sasowareru

II guru-pu       homeru           homerareru

                         tasukeru          tasukerareru

                         miru                  mirareru

III guru-pu     tsuretekuru     tsuretekorareru

                         shoukaisuru    shoukaisareru

1. Watashi wa sumisusan ni pa-ti- ni shoutai saremashita.

2. Watashi wa shachou ni shigoto o tanomare mashita.

3. Kinou shiranai obaasan ni michi o kikaremashita.

4. Piano ga jouzu ni hiketa node, sensei ni homerare mashita.

Yattemiyou !

Rei : Watashi wa haha ni kaimono o (tanomare) mashita.

1. Watashi wa minna ni "ken" to (yobare) te imasu.

2. Watashi wa mainichi haha ni (okosare)te imasu.

3. Watashi wa Ueda san ni "nani ga suki?" to (kikare)mashita.

29 kame ga kaza sarete imasu

49 koneko ni ka mareta nda

15 kekkonshiki wa rokugatsu na noni

Dou tsukau ?

"~ noni" wa "~node" to hantai no imi de, hanashi te no fuman ya zannen na kimochi, odoroita kimochi o arawasy toki ni tsukau.

"~noni" means the opposite of "~node". Use it when you want to express dissatisfaction, disappointment, or surprise.

Pl + noni

(na A da na   N da na)

1.

A : Kaze o hiite iru noni, shigoto ni ikun desu ka.

B : Ee, kaigi ga aru node yasume nain desu.

2. Shigoto ga isogashii no ni, yamadasan wa kyou mo yasumi desu.

3. Mou sangatsu na noni, totemo samui desu je.

4.

A : Onaka, suki mashita ne.

B : E ? Sakki takusan tabeta noni, mou onaka ga suitan desu ka.

Yattemiyou !

Rei : Rinsan wa uta ga jouzu ja noni, (a minna no mae de utaimasen).

1. Ooishisan wa chuugoku ni nen sunde iru no ni, (d chuugokugo ga zenzen hanasemasen).

2. Piano o mainichi renshuushite iru noni, (b nakanaka jouzu ni narimasen).

3. Ano hito wa mou nanajuu sai na noni, (c mainichi juu kiro hashitte imasu.

4. Ano ko wa ame ga futte iru noni, (e soto de asonde imasu).

16 seki o kime nakereba narimasen

Dou tsukau ?

"~ nakereba naranai" wa, hitsuyouna koto dakara, yaritaku nakute mo yaru gimu ga aru to iu toki ni tsukau.

Use "~nakereba naranai" when you want to say that something has to be done, even if you or someone else soes not want to.

V-nai + nakereba naranai

1. Ashita shiken ga arimasu kara, konban wa benkyou shi nakereba narimasen.

2.

A : Kono hon wa getsuyoubi made ni kaesa nakereba narimasen ka.

B : Hai, getsuyoubi made ni kaeshite kudasai.

3. Nihon de wa, kuruma wa michi ni hidarigawa o hashira nakereba narimasen kara, taihen desu.

Aite no sasoi o uketai ga, hoka ni koto o suru hitsuyou ga aru to itte, sasoi o kotowaru toki no riyuu ni tsukau koto mo ooi.

It is often used to give a reason for eclining an invitation by saying that you want to accept it, but you have something else that you have to do.

Rei : 

A : Korekara karaoke ni ikimasen ka.

B : Sumimasen. Kyou wa hayaku kaera nakereba naranain desu.

Yattemiyou !

Rei : Ashita wa nichiyoubi desu ga, kaisha e (ika) nakereba narimasen.

1. Kono pu-ru de wa kanarazu boushi o (kabura) nakereba narimasen.

2.

A : Juusho mo (kaka) nakereba narimasen ka.

B : Iie, namae dake kaite kudasai.

3.

A : Korekara issho ni eiga o mi ni ikimasen ka.

B : Sumimasen. Supi-chi no junbi o (shi) nakereba naranai node ...

4. Ryuugaku suru toki, biza o (tora) nakereba narimasen.

+Plus

~ nakute wa naranai / ~ nakute wa ikenai

"~ nakereba naranai" wa, "~ nakute wa naranai/ ~ nakute wa ikenai) to mo iu.

"~nakute wa naranai" and "~ nakute wa ikenai" are variations of "~nakereba naranai".

1.

A : Sumimasen. Kono ko no chiketto mo kawanakute wa narimasen ka.

B : Hai, kodomo san mo chiketto o katte kudasai.

2. Kyou wa ha isha e ikanakute wa ikenai node, osaki ni shitsurei shimasu.