Bab 2 (1) JLPT N4
Okashi tsukuri (1)
Making sweets (1)
Dekiru koto
• Te tsukuri no mono nado o kenson shi nagara susumeru koto ga dekiru.
Humbly recommend hand-made things and the like.
Watashi : Takahashisan. Kore, chotto tabe te mite kudasai.
Takahashi : Waa, oishi sou desu ne. Kimusan ga tsukutta ndesu ka.
Kimub: Hai. Ryouri kyoushitsu de tsukuri kata o naratta node, tsukutte mimashita.
Takahashi : Hee, sugoi desu ne. Konna ke-ki o tsukuru koto ga dekiru ndesu ka.
Kimu : Demo, hajimete tsukutta node, oishii kadouka ...
1 tabete mite kudasai
Dou tsukau ?
" ~ te miru" wa, ii kadouka tameshi ni sukoshi suru to iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~ te miru" when a person tr8es something a little to see if he or she likes it.
V-te + miru mencoba untuk
1.
A : Ano resutoran no kare-, oishii desu yo.
B : Sou desu ka. Ja, kondo tabete mimasu.
2. Kono kutsu, karukute totemo ii desu yo. Chotto haite mite kudasai.
3. Kono ge-mu, yatte mimasen ka.
Yattemiyou !
Rei :
Nihon no ryokan ni (tomatte 泊まって) rmitai desu.
1. Onsen ni (haitte) mitai desu.
2. Suki- o (shite) mitai desu.
3. Yuki matsuri o (mite) mitai desu.
4. Kimono o (kite) mitai desu.
5. Nihon no sake o (nonde) mitai desu.
2 oishisou desu ne
Dou tsukau ?
"~ souda" wa, mite kanjita yousu ya joutai o iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~ souda" to describe something's appearance or condition judged only by looking at it.
i A i + sou da
na A
*ii --> yosa sou da
1. Soto wa, samu sou desu.
2. Ashita wa tenki ga yosa sou desu.
3. Kinou koukou no toki no tomodachi ni aimashita ga, totemo genki sou deshita.
Yattemiyou !
Rei :
Kono ke-ki wa (oishi) sou desu.
1. Kono kuruma wa (taka) sou desu.
Kono kuruma wa (yasu) sou desu.
2. Ooshitasan wa (isogashi) sou desu.
Koyamasan wa (hima) sou desu.
3. Yamadasan no okaasan wa (yasashi) sou desu.
Otousan qa (kibishi) sou desu.
"~ sou da " wa meishi n8 wa tsukawanai.
Do not use "~ sou da" with a noun.
Ano hito wa sensei sou desu.
" V- masu + sou da " no katachi mo tsukawareru.
You can also use the " V- masu + sou da " form.
1. Ooyama san wa okane ga ari sou desu.
2. Takada san wa osake ga takusan nome sou desu.
37 tsukare sou desu
51 ochi sou datta
81 intaisareru sou desu
3 tsukuttan desu ka
Dou tsukau ?
"~ ndesu" wa, aite no jijou o setsumei shite hoshii toku ya jibun no jijou o hanashitai toki nado ni tsukau. Riyuu o iu toki ni mo tsukau.
Use "~ ndesu", for example, when you want a person to explain their situation or when you want to talk about your situation. You can also use it to provide a reason.
Pl + ndesu
(na A da na N da na
1.
A : Doushitan desu ka.
B : Chotto kibun ga waruin desu.
2.
A : Are, yamadasan, kyou shigoto wa ?
B : Kyou wa yasumi nan desu.
3.
A : Sono shatsu, kirei desu ne. Doko de kattan desu ka.
B : Eki mae no depa-to desu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei :
A : Kinou, doushite konakattan desu ka.
B : Sumimasen. Netsu ga (atta)ndesu.
1.
A : Yamadasan wa utawanain desu ka.
Yamada : Ee, uta ga (hetana) ndesu.
2.
A : Pa-ti- no moushikomisho, doko ni (dasu)ndesu ka.
B : Watashi mo shiranain desu, jimusho de kikimashou.
3.
A : Doushitan desu ka.
B : Ha ga (itai)ndesu.
4.
A : Sensei, kono mondai ga (wakaranai)ndesu.
B : Ja, mou ichido setsumei shimasu ne.
4 tsukuri kata
Dou tsukau ?
"~ kata" wa, ~ suru houhou toiu imi de tsukau.
Use "~kata" to talk about how to do something.
V- masu + kata
1. Kono ryouri no tsukuri kata o oshiete kudasai.
2. Kono kanji no yomi kata ga wakarimasu ka.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Kono kudamono no (tabekata) o oshiete kudasai.
1. Nihon no kimono no (kikata) ga wakarimasen.
2. Atarashii konpyu-ta- no (tsukai kata) o naraimashita.
3. Anata wa kono ge-mu no (asobi kata) o shitte imasu ka.
4. Kore wa jouzuna (hanashi kata) no hon desu. Supi-chi no mae ni yonde kudasai.
5 tsukuri kata o naratta node
Dou tsukau ?
"~ node" wa, "~ kara" to onaji youni gen in . riyuu o iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~node" to talk about a cause or reason, just like "~kara".
Pl + node
(na A da na N da na)
1. Kyou wa ame ga futte iru node, chotto samui desu.
2. Toukyou no chikatetsu wa benri na node, chikatetsu de iroirona tokoro e ikimasu.
3. Basu ga konakatta node, takushi- de ikimashita.
4. Kyou wa yasumi na node, doubutsuen e ikimasu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Nyu-su o (minakatta) node, sono jiko o shirimasen deshita.
1. Ani wa eiga ga (suki na) node, yoku mi ni ikimasu.
2. Kyou wa (nichiyoubi na) node, densha wa konde imasen.
3. Pasokon ga (kowareta) node, atarashii no o kaimashita.
4. Watashi no ie wa eki kara (tooi) node, fuben desu.
"node" wa "kara" yori mo teinei na ii kata de, kojinteki na riyuu ya ayamaru tok8 no ii wake ni yoku tsukawareru.
"Node" is a more polite way of speaking than "kara", so it is often used to offer a personal reason or to offer an excuse when apologizing.
1. Sumimasen. Netsu ga aru node, hayaku kaette nemasu.
2. Kono kaisha no koto o yoku shiranai node, iroiro oshiete kudasai.
6 tsukuru koto ga dekiru
Dou tsukau ?
"~ ga dekiru" wa, ~ o suru nouryoku ga aru toka, soko de ~ ga kyoka sarete iru nadi to iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~ga dekiru" when you say, for example, that a person has the ability to do something, or that a certain action is permitted in a place.
V-ru + koto + ga dekiru
N
1. Watashi wa gita- o hiku koto ga dekimasu.
2. Tanakasan wa furansugo ga dekimasu.
3. Bijutsukan de wa shashin o toru koto ga dekimasen.
4. Inta-netto de hoteru no yoyaku ga dekimasu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Watashi wa (sushi o tsukuru koto ga dekimasu).
1. Watashi wa (jitensha ni noru koto ga dekimasen).
2. Kono kawa wa abunai node, (oyogu koto ga dekimasen).
3. Watashi wa pasokon o (shuuri suru/ naosu/ tsukuru koto ga dekimasu).
4. Kono eigakan de wa, suiyoubi wa (sen en de eiga o miru koto ga dekimasu).
"N + ga dekiru" wa "kansei suru" no imi demo tsukawareru.
"N+ga dekiru" is also used to mean that something is completed.
1. Eki no soba ni su-pa- ga dekimashita.
2.
A : Senshuu no shucchou no repo-to, mada dekinain desu ka.
B : Sumimasen. Mousugu dekiru to omoimasu.
7 oishii kadouka
Dou tsukau?
"- kadouka" wa "suru kashinai ka. souka soujanai ka" o iu toki ni tsukau. Ushiro no kotoba wa "shitteiru. iu. kiku. wakaranai. -temiru" nado ga yoku tsukawareru.
Use "-kadouka" when you say "will" or "will not" or "like this or not like this". Words such as" shitte iru . iu. kiku. wakaranai. -temiru " are often used afterward.
Pl + kadouka
(na A da N da )
1. Ashita pa-ti- ga aru kadouka, shitte imasu ka.
2. Tesuto o dasu mae ni, machigai ga nai kadouka, yoku mite kudasai.
3. Tanakasan no hanashi wa hontou kadouka, wakarimasen.
Yattemiyou!
Rei : Ii heya ga (aru) kadouka, inta-netto de sagashite mimasu.
1. Ano toshokan, nichiyoubi ga (yasumi) kadouka, shitte imasu ka.
2. Ano resutoran wa (oishii) kadouka, wakarimasen.
3. Kono shigoto, ashita made ni (dekiru) kadouka wakarimasen ga, yatte mimashou.
4. Ashita isshoni karaoke ni (iku) kadouka, tomodachi ni denwa shite kiite mimasu.
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