Bab 5(1) JLPT N4
Haikingu no keikaku (1)
Hiking plans (1)
Dekiru koto
• Kiite kita jouhou o wadai ni shite hanasu koti ga dekiru.
Talk about information you have heard.
• Ryokou no sasoi ya tei on ni taishite, shinpaina kimochi o arawasu koto ga dekiru.
Express feelings of worry/ concern about a suggestion or invitation to go on a trip.
• Jouken nado o setsumei shite, aite no shinpai o yawarageru koti ga dekiru.
Takahashi : Takaosan, kouyou ga hajimatta rashii desu ne.
Kimu : Aa, Takaosan desu ka. Terebi de, totemo kirei da to itte imashita ne.
Takahashi : Ee, kyonen, Sasaki buchou ni tsurete it te moraimashita ga, hontou ni kirei deshita yo. Ne, kondo no doyoubi, ikimasen ka.
Kimu : Sou desu ne. Demo, yama nobori wa tsukare soudesu ne.
Takahashi : Ro-puwei o tsukae ba, daijoubu desu yo.
Kimu : Zutto mae, yama ni itta toki, michi ga wakaranaku nat te shimatta koto ga arun desu. Takahashi san, ko-su wa wakarimasu ka.
Takahashi : Kono gaidobukku ni kai te arimasu kara, tabun daijoubu deshou.
34 hajimatta rashii desu
Dou tsukau ?
"~rashii" wa, mitari kiitari shita jouhou o moto ni ~ darou to omotta koto o iu toki ni tsukau.
Use ~rashii" when you say what you think is probably the case based on information you have seen or heard.
Pl + rashii
(na A da N da )
1.
A : Buchou, kono uta, wakai hito ni ninki ga aru rashii desu yo.
B : Aa, saikin, yoku kiku ne.
2.
A : Ano ke-ki ya, yuumei rashii ne.
B : Sou ne. Kono aida, terebi de mita yo.
3.
A : Suzukisan ni kiitan desu ga, yama nobori, taihen datta rashii desu ne.
B : Ee. Tenki ga warukute, hontou ni taihen deshita.
4.
A : Ano futari wa tsukiatte iru rashii yo. Kono aida, te o tsunaide aruite ita yo.
B : E ? Hontou ? Zenzen shiranakatta.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Kinou kiitan desu ga, shuumatsu kara toukyou mo (suzushiku naru) rashii desu yo.
1.
A : Takahashi san no atarashii kuruma, sugoku (ii) rashii desu yo.
B : Hee, sou desu ka.
2.
A : Yamadasan, saikin (isogashii) rashii desu je.
B : Ee, kyou mo mada shigoto o shite imasu yo.
3. Ishidasan, daigaku ni (goukaku shita) rashii desu yo.
4.
A : Kesa, eki no mae de jiko ga (atta) rashii desu ne.
B : Ee. Watashu, mimashita yo.
35 kireida to itte imashita
Dou tsukau ?
"~ to itte ita" wa, hito kara kiita naiyou o hoka no hito ni tsutaeru toki ni tsukau.
Use "~to itte ita" when you tell a person about something you heard from a different person.
Pl + to itte ita
* Po no baai mo aru.
1.
A : Sakki, Suzukisan kara denwa ga atte, kyou wa yasumu to itte imashita.
B : Sou desu ka.
2. Tenki yohou de wa kyou wa atatakaku naru to itte ita noni, samui desu ne.
3. I-san wa kinou, kuni e kaerimashita. Sensei ni yoroshiku to itte imashita.
Yattemiyou !
1. (Buchou wa Amerika e shucchousuru) to itte imashita.
2. (Satousan wa eki mae no resutoran wa oishii) to itte imashita.
3. (Asa no terebi de gogo wa ii tenki ni naru) to itte imashita.
36 tsurete itte moraimashita
Dou tsukau ?
"~ te morau" wa, hoka no hito ga jibun no tanonda koto o shita no o, kansha no kimochi o komete iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~ te morau" when you say that another person did something for you, for which you feel gratefu.
V-te + morau
1. Watashi wa tomodachi ni shinkansen no chiketto no yiyaku no shi kata o oshiete moraimashita.
2. Kaze o hiita toki, tomodachi ni gohan o tsukutte moratta.
3. Hayashi san ni tetsudatte moratta no de, shigoto ga hayaku owarimashita.
4. Shokudou no menyu- o fuyashite moraitai to omoimasu.
Yattemiyou !
1
1. (Ame no hi ni kasa o kashite) moraimashita.
2. (Nihon no kimono no ki kata o oshiete) moraitai desu.
3. Uchidasan ni (sutekina uta o utatte) moraimashou.
4. Itsumo haha ni (oishii ryouri o tsukutte) moraimasu.
2
1. Tomodachi ga byouki ni nattara, nani o shite (age)masu ka.
2. Te ni ke ga o shita toki, tomodachi ni kaban o motte (morai)mashita.
3. Nihonjin no tomodachi ga watashi no kuni e kitara, watashi ga annaishite (age)masu.
4. Noru densha ga wakaranakatta node, ekiin ni oshiete (morai)mashita.
Hoka no hito ni iraisuru toki wa "~ te moraeru" to kanoukei o tsukau.
Use "~ te moraeru", the potential form, when you make a request to a person.
1.
A : Kono nimotsu, chotto katazukete moraemasu ka,
B : A, sumimasen. Sugu katazukemasu.
2.
A : Sumimasen ga, chotto tetsudatte moraemasen ka.
B : Ee, ii desu yo.
3.
A : Gomen, kore, kashite moraeru ?
B : Un, iiyo.
+Plus
~ o morau
Mono o ukeru koui o iu toki wa "morau" o tsukau. Joshi wa "ni" demo "kara" de mo ii.
Use "morau" when you talk about receiving something. You can use either of the particles "ni" or "kara".
1. Tanjoubi ni tomodachi ni purezento o moraimashita.
2. Otousan kara pasokon o kau okane o moratta.
Yattemiyou !
1.
A : Ooki san, sono ge-mu, (moratta)n desu ka.
B : Ee, tanjoubii ni .,. Maekara hoshikatta ge-mu nan desu.
2.
A : Kore, (ageru) yo.
B : Arigatou. Oishisouna okashi ne.
3.
A : Sutekina kaban desu ne.
B : Arigatou gozaimasu. Haha ni (moratta)n desu.
4.
A : Okaasan ni tanjoubi, nani o (ageta)n desu ka.
B : Ke-ki desu. Haha wa amai mono ga suki nanode ...
37 tsukare sou desu
Dou tsukau ?
"~souda" wa, shourai no koto ni tsuite, jibun ga ~ darou to kangaetari yosou shitari shita koto o iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~ souda" when you say what you think or predict will probably happen in the future.
V- masu + souda
1. Ryuugakusei wa korekara fuesoudesu.
2. Kyou wa tenki ga warui kara, michi ga komi souda.
3. Korekara watashitachi no seikatsu wa motto benri narisou desu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Ano resutoran wa mise ga kirei ni natte, okyaku gq (fue) sou desu ne.
1. Chikaku ni eki ga dekita node, kono machi wa (nigiyaka ni nari) sou desu ne.
2. Pasokon no shuuri ni jikan ga (kakari) sou desu.
3. Kondo no shiai wa burajiru ga (kachi) sou da.
4. Shigoto ga takusan aru node, kyou wa kaeri ga (osoku nari) sou desu.
2 oishisoudesune
51 ochisoudatta
81 intai sareru sou desu
38 ro-puwei o tsukaeba
Dou tsukau ?
"~ba, ..." wa, "moshi~ni baai wa ...) toiu toki ni tsukau. Kibou o jitsugen suru tameni zettai ni hitsuyouna jouken o iu toki ni tsukau koto ga ooi.
Use "~ ba, ..." when you say "if~, then ..." It is often used to talk about absolutely necessart conditions in order to fulfill a desire.
Doushi
V-ru joukenkei conditional form V-ba
I guru-pu kaku kakeba
yomu yomeba
II guru-pu okiru okireba
taberu tabereba
III guru-pu kuru kureba
suru sureba
keiyoushi. meishi
i keiyoushi oishii oishikereba
ii *yokereba
na keiyoshi genkida genkinara
meishi ameda amenara
Hiteikei Negative form
~nai --> ~ nakereba
Doushi minai minakereba
i keiyoushi takakunai takaku nakereba
na keiyoushi kireijanai kireija nakereba
meishi amejanai ameja nakereba
1. Kono kusuri o nomeba byouki wa naorimasu. Demo, noma nakereba naorimasen yo.
2. Kono sa-bisu ken o motte ikeba, hyakuen yasuku narimasu.
3. Shucchou de Oosaka e iku kikai ga areba,nOosakajou o mi ni ikitai desu.
4. Heya ga kireidw, koutsuu ga benri nara, daigaku no ryou ni yasumitau desu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : (Renshuu sureba), jouzu ni narimasu.
1. Jisho o (tsukaeba), nihongo no shinbun ga yomemasu.
2. (Isogashikereba), tetsudaimasu yo.
3. Ima sugu ie o (dereba), tsugi no densha ni maniaimasu.
4. Ashita tenki ga (yokereba), oyogi ni ikimasu.
5. (San sai ika nara), nyuujouryou o harawa nakute mo ii desu.
6. Shitsumon no imi ga (wakara nakereba), kotae raremasen kara, shitsumon o yoku yonde kudasai.
11 jikan ga attara
39 michi ga wakara naku natte shimatta
Dou tsukau ?
"~te shimau" wa, hanashi te ga "shippai shita. ginnenda. ..komatta" to omotta kimochi o iu toki ni tsukau.
"~te shimau" is used when the speaker talks about something that is a mistake or is unfortunate or troublesome.
V-te + shimau
1. Densha no naka ni kasa o wasurete shimaimashita.
2.
A : Doushitan desu ka. Genki ga arimasen ne.
B : Tomodachi to kenka o shite shimattan desu.
3. A-a, basu ga itte shimatta.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Atarashii dejikame na noni, mou (kowarete) shimaimashita.
1. Tanakasan ni karita hon o (nakushite) shimaimashita.
2. Tomodachi to au yakusoku o shimashita ga, jikan ni (okurete) shimaimashita.
3. Chizu o motte ikimashita ga, michi ni (mayotte) shimaimashita.
4. Kurasu no sensei no namae o (wasurete) shimaimashita.
40 gaidobukku ni kaite arimasu
Dou tsukau ?
"~te aru) wa, mono ga donna joutai de soko ni aru ka kuwashiku setsumei suru toki ni tsukau.
Use "~te aru" when you explain in detail what condition something is in at its location.
V-te + aru
1.
A : Inkan, doko ni aru ?
B : Hikidashi ni shimatte aru yo.
2. Eki mae no ra-men ya no kabe ni wa, yuumeijin no sain ga takusan hatte aru.
3. Koko ni oite aru panfuretto, moratte mo ii desu ka.
4.
A : Kono mise, nan toiu namae desu ka.
B : Koko ni, mise no namae ga kaite arimasu yo. "Sasa no yuki" desu.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Kyou no gogo, pa-ti- o suru no de, junbi o shimashita.
Iroirona ryouri ga (tsukutte) arimasu.
1.Te-buru no ue ni hana ga (kazatte) arimasu.
2. Kabe ni kami ga (hatte) arimasu.
3. Osara to ko-hi- kappu ga (oite/ narabete) arimasu.
4. Reizouko ni ke-ki ga (irete) arimasu.
41 daijoubu deshou
Dou tsukau ?
"~ deshou" wa, hakkiri wakaranai ga ~ da to omou to iu toki ni tsukau.
Use "~ deshou" when you say what you think but are not entirely sure.
Pl + deshou
(na A da N da )
1. Ashita wa yoku harete, atatakai deshou.
2. Ano hoteru wa tooi desu kara, aruite nijuppun de wa ikenai deshou.
3. Suzukisan wa atama ga yokute, majime dakara, ashita no shiken mo ii ten i toru deshou.
Yattemiyou !
Rei : Konban, yuki ga (furu) deshou.
1.
A : Anke-to no kekka wa ashita made ni wakarimasu ka.
B : Mada, de-ta ga takusan no kotte imasu kara, (muri) deshou.
Ni,nsan nichi matte kudasai.
2.
A : Okyakusan, osoi desu ne.
B : Sakki, eki kara denwa ga arimashita kara, mousugu (kuru) deshou.
3. Ano hoteru no resutorah wa itsumo okyaku ga takusan imasu kara, kitto (oishii) deshou.
4.
A : Ashita shiken ga arimasu ka.
B : Kyou, shiken ga arimashita kara, ashita wa (nai) deshou.
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